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Hackers

Hackers during the BBS era created the world's first peer-2-peer information database comprised of self-help information for the general public outside of academic and institutional funding and jurisdiction.

Hacking Basics

Pin Files

The best and most productive start at hacking (and contributing) to Weeno is within the pin mapping files. The pin_at90usb1287.c file in the cores/weeno/avr/at90 directory is a good example: Open the file for a look-see. The following shows one of the central concepts of Wiring/Arduino and also Weeno, that of mapping an integer to a memory slot or special function register. `

// This maps port letter (A-F) to the appropriate Digital Pin const uint8_t PROGMEM digital_pin_to_port_PGM[] = { /*Pin - Port/Bit (Alt Function) {Use on AT90USBKey Demo board} */ PA, /*51 ñ PA0 (AD0) */ /* Digital Pin 0*/

// This maps port letter (A-F) to the appropriate Digital Pin
const uint8_t PROGMEM digital_pin_to_port_PGM[] = {
            /*Pin - Port/Bit (Alt Function) {Use on AT90USBKey Demo board} */
		PA,  /*51 ñ PA0  (AD0)                                 */	/* Digital Pin 0*/

`

PA is a macro define (constant) that itself points to a memory address. A search reveals that PA is simply #define PA 0x11 in Atmel's associated library. `

Finally, in the library file, sfrdefs.h we find the macro, #define PORTA _SFR_IO8(0x02) `

It is more transparent and thus better to use the actual 0x11 memory address rather than another soft link residing in a second, third or forth file buried in a dile deep in a nested directory hierarchy. `

The author of the file, pseudoname zaig, did a wonderful job of porting the at90usb1287 micro-controller to Wiring/Arduino format. His integer mapping is somewhat misleading: the mapping does not follow the physical package layout of the chip, but largely follows from the PORTA, PORTB memory address around the chip. Hence, a user unfamiliar with his code must dig a bit more to figure out the proper integer number to use. `

Weeno suggests adhering to the physical packaging numbering schema beginning at the index corner, (1,2,3,4,.....,62,63,64) in sequence around the entire 64-pin QFN package, as seen in the following diagram. `

The library user must simply be aware of the librarians integer to memory mapping, whatever the schema. `

/* AT90USB128 (64-lead QFN top view) 64....49 +-----------+ 1 |* |48 . | | . . | | . 16| |33 +-----------+ 17....32 * = INDEX CORNER

/*
AT90USB128 (64-lead QFN top view)

             64....49
           +-----------+
         1 |*          |48
         . |           | .
         . |           | .
         16|           |33
           +-----------+
             17....32
* = INDEX CORNER

`